Skip to content
Masters

Masters of the Path

Biographical pages for the teachers, their contributions, and the pilgrimage landscapes that preserve their memory.

Yasaviyya

Aḥmad Yasawī

Khwāja Aḥmad Yasawī · Hazrat Sultan
d. 1166 CE (traditional chronology) · Sayram, Yesi (Turkistan), Bukhara

Foundational Turkic Sufi figure and the central master of the Yasawiyya tradition. His shrine at Yasi, rebuilt by Amīr Timūr, is a pilgrimage centre for the Turkic world.

Turkistan (historical Yasi), Turkistan Region, Kazakhstan
Kubrawiyya

Najm al-Dīn Kubrā

Shaykh-i Walītarāsh
1145 – 1221 CE · Khwarazm (Kunya-Urgench)

Founder of the Kubrawī order and martyr of the Mongol conquest of Khwarazm. His disciples spread across Persia, India and Kashmir.

Kunya-Urgench, Dashoguz Region, Turkmenistan
Khwājagān

Yūsuf Hamadānī

1048/49 – 1140 CE · Merv, Bukhara

An important early Khwajagan teacher whose later biographical traditions name both Yasawi and Ghijduwani among his successors.

Ancient Merv, Mary Region, Turkmenistan
Khwājagān

ʿAbd al-Khāliq Ghujdawānī

12th century; later chronology disputed · Ghujduwan, near Bukhara

A formative proto-Naqshbandi authority whose teachings were incorporated into later Khwajagan and Naqshbandi memory.

Ghijduwan, Bukhara Region, Uzbekistan
Naqshbandiyya

Bahāʾ al-Dīn Naqshband

1318 – 1389 CE · Qasr-i ʿĀrifān, near Bukhara

Eponym of the Naqshbandī order and one of the most influential Sufi masters of the Islamic east.

Qasr-i Arifan, about 10 km northeast of Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Naqshbandiyya

Khwāja ʿUbaydullāh Aḥrār

1404 – 1490 CE · Samarkand

Timurid-era master whose social and political influence extended from Herat to Kashgar.

Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Kubrawiyya

Sayf al-Dīn Bākharzī

1190 – 1261 CE · Bukhara

Chief disciple of Najm al-Dīn Kubrā and pivotal figure of Bukharan Sufism.

Fathabad, east of historic Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Kubrawiyya

Mīr Sayyid ʿAlī Hamadānī

1314 – 1384 CE · Hamadan, Khuttalan, Kashmir

Transmitter of Kubrawī Sufism to Kashmir; formative figure in Kashmiri Islamic civilisation.

Kulob, Khatlon Region, Tajikistan
Khwājagān

Khwāja ʿĀrif Rīwgarī

Arif Riwgari · Arif Riwakri
13th century; dates uncertain · Riwgar (Shofirkon), Bukhara oasis

A remembered keeper of the Khwajagan current between Ghijduwan and the later Bukhara masters.

Riwgar / Shofirkon district, Bukhara Region, Uzbekistan
Khwājagān

Khwāja Maḥmūd Faghnawī

Mahmud Anjir Faghnawi
d. c. 1315; traditional chronology · Faghnah, Bukhara oasis

A quiet yet essential succession figure in the Khwajagan memory of Bukhara.

Faghnah / Bukhara Region, Uzbekistan
Khwājagān

ʿAlī Rāmitānī

Azizan Ali Ramitani · Khwaja Azizan
d. early 14th century; chronology varies · Ramitān, near Bukhara

A major remembered Khwajagan teacher whose language of adab still shapes the later Naqshbandi imagination.

Ramitān, Bukhara Region, Uzbekistan
Khwājagān

Muḥammad Bābā Samāsī

Baba Samasi · Muhammad Baba Sammasi
d. 1354 CE; traditional chronology · Samās, Bukhara oasis

A threshold master in the remembered passage from the Khwajagan to the Naqshbandi world.

Samas / Bukhara Region, Uzbekistan
Khwājagān

Sayyid Amīr Kulāl

Amir Kulal · Amir Kulyal
c. 1281–1370 CE; traditional chronology · Sukhar, near Bukhara

The great teacher at the threshold of the Naqshbandiyya, still encountered through a living Bukhara shrine landscape.

Sukhar / Yangikhayat, about 25 km north of Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Naqshbandiyya

Yaʿqūb Charkhī

Mawlana Yaqub Charkhi
d. 1447 CE · Charkh, Logar; Herat and Transoxiana

A literary and scholarly transmitter who gave the early Naqshbandi teaching a durable Persian textual form.

Charkh, Logar Province, Afghanistan
Naqshbandiyya

ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī

Nur al-Din Abd al-Rahman Jami · Mawlana Jami
1414–1492 CE · Jam, Samarqand, Herat

The poet and historian of Sufi memory whose work made Central Asian spiritual culture legible far beyond its own cities.

Northwest of Herat, Afghanistan